1. Definitions:

• Antiseptic: An antiseptic is a substance that inhibits the growth and development of microorganisms on living tissues. It is primarily used to prevent infections in wounds, cuts, and other minor injuries.
• Sanitizer: A sanitizer is a substance that reduces the number of microorganisms on inanimate surfaces to a safe level, as determined by public health standards. It is commonly used on objects, surfaces, and hands to prevent the spread of germs.

2. Uses:

• Antiseptics:
  • Applied to wounds and cuts to prevent infection.
  • Used in medical settings for preoperative skin preparation.
  • Employed in personal care products such as hand sanitizers and mouthwashes.
• Sanitizers:
  • Utilized on surfaces in hospitals, restaurants, homes, and public spaces.
  • Applied to hands to kill germs when soap and water are not readily available.
  • Employed in food processing industries to maintain hygiene standards.

3. Active Ingredients:

• Antiseptics: Common active ingredients include:
  • Alcohol (ethanol or isopropyl alcohol)
  • Hydrogen peroxide
  • Chlorhexidine
  • Povidone-iodine
• Sanitizers: Active ingredients vary depending on the type of sanitizer but commonly include:
  • Alcohol (ethanol or isopropyl alcohol)
  • Quaternary ammonium compounds (quats)
  • Chlorine compounds
  • Hydrogen peroxide

4. Mechanism of Action:

• Antiseptics: Work by disrupting the cell membranes of microorganisms, denaturing proteins, and interfering with metabolic processes, thereby killing or inhibiting their growth.
• Sanitizers: Act by either killing or inactivating microorganisms on surfaces through various mechanisms such as protein denaturation, membrane disruption, or oxidative damage.

5. Duration of Action:

• Antiseptics: Typically provide prolonged action on the skin, offering continued protection against microbial colonization.
• Sanitizers: Offer immediate but temporary disinfection, with effectiveness diminishing over time as surfaces become recontaminated.

6. Safety Considerations:

• Antiseptics: Generally safe for topical use on intact skin but may cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals.
• Sanitizers: Safe for use on surfaces and hands when used according to instructions, but ingestion or inhalation of certain sanitizers can be harmful.

Table:

Additional Considerations:

It’s important to note that while antiseptics and sanitizers are valuable tools in promoting cleanliness and reducing the transmission of pathogens, they are not substitutes for thorough cleaning. Both antiseptics and sanitizers work best on surfaces that have already been cleaned of dirt, debris, and organic matter. Therefore, incorporating regular cleaning practices alongside the use of antiseptics and sanitizers is essential for maintaining a hygienic environment. Additionally, proper storage and handling of these products are crucial to ensure their effectiveness and safety. By understanding the nuances between antiseptics and sanitizers and integrating them into comprehensive hygiene protocols, individuals and organizations can effectively combat the spread of infectious diseases and promote overall health and well-being.

Question-Answer:

Q: Can I use an antiseptic as a hand sanitizer?

A: While antiseptics like alcohol-based solutions can effectively kill germs on hands, they are formulated for wound care and may be harsher on the skin with prolonged use compared to hand sanitizers designed for frequent application.

Q: What distinguishes a sanitizer from a disinfectant?

A: Sanitizers are specifically designed to reduce the number of microorganisms to a safe level, whereas disinfectants are intended to kill or inactivate a broader spectrum of pathogens on surfaces, often requiring a longer contact time.

In, while both antiseptics and sanitizers contribute to maintaining hygiene and preventing infections, they serve distinct purposes and should be used appropriately based on their intended applications. Understanding their disparities is crucial for implementing effective sanitation practices in various settings.

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Understanding Disinfectants and Sanitizers

Disinfectants

Disinfectants are chemical agents used to eliminate all types of pathogens and microbes on surfaces. They are not necessarily safe for use on skin but are highly effective for surface cleaning, particularly in medical settings or areas where the risk of infection is high.

Sanitizers

Sanitizers, on the other hand, are agents that reduce bacteria on surfaces and sometimes the skin to safe levels as determined by public health standards. They do not kill all pathogens but reduce their number significantly to prevent disease transmission.

The Benefits

• Disinfectants and sanitizers play a crucial role in controlling the spread of infectious diseases. By killing or reducing pathogens on surfaces and hands, they help maintain a healthier environment.
• Both agents are available in various forms, including liquids, sprays, and wipes, making them versatile for different settings, from hospitals to homes and workplaces.
• Their use in daily routines, especially in high-touch areas and personal hygiene, can be a vital preventive measure against illnesses like the flu, common cold, and more severe diseases.

The Detriments

• Frequent use of disinfectants and sanitizers can lead to exposure to chemicals that may be harmful to health, potentially causing skin irritation, respiratory issues, or other health problems.
• There’s a concern that overuse, especially of disinfectants, can lead to the development of “superbugs” or antibiotic-resistant bacteria, posing significant challenges to public health.
• Many disinfectants and sanitizers contain chemicals that can be harmful to the environment, contributing to pollution and the degradation of ecosystems when they enter waterways.

Comparing Disinfectants and Sanitizers

Conclusion

Disinfectants and sanitizers offer significant benefits in maintaining hygiene and preventing disease transmission. However, their use comes with potential detriments, including health risks, the development of resistant bacteria, and environmental impacts. The key is to use these products judiciously, following best practices to optimize their benefits while minimizing their drawbacks. As we navigate the challenges of maintaining cleanliness in various settings, understanding the nuances between disinfectants and sanitizers can help make informed choices that support public health and safety.

FAQ

Can sanitizers replace handwashing?

No, sanitizers cannot replace handwashing. While sanitizers can reduce the number of microbes on the skin, handwashing with soap and water is more effective at removing certain types of germs, especially when hands are visibly dirty or greasy.

Are natural disinfectants as effective as chemical ones?

Natural disinfectants can be effective against some pathogens, but they may not be as comprehensive in their killing power as chemical disinfectants. It’s essential to choose products based on the specific needs and effectiveness against the pathogens of concern.

How can the use of disinfectants and sanitizers be optimized to minimize detriments?

To minimize risks, it’s crucial to use these products according to the manufacturer’s instructions, ensuring proper ventilation during use and choosing products with safer chemical profiles when possible. It’s also important to balance their use with other hygiene practices like handwashing.

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Addressing High Traffic Areas

Casinos are dynamic hubs of activity, with throngs of people moving through their corridors and gaming floors. Hand sanitizers are strategically placed throughout these high traffic areas to provide convenient access for patrons and staff. Whether near entrances, gaming tables, slot machines, or restrooms, these sanitizing stations serve as a visible reminder of the casino’s commitment to cleanliness. By making hand sanitizers readily available, casinos encourage patrons and staff to prioritize hand hygiene and reduce the risk of spreading germs in crowded spaces. Thanks to online casinos, you can not expose yourself to risk and play online slots such as Gates of Olympus.

Frequent Contact with Gaming Equipment

Gaming equipment such as cards, chips, and dice are handled extensively by players and dealers alike. Recognizing the potential for cross-contamination, casinos have implemented rigorous sanitization protocols for these items. Hand sanitizers are readily available at gaming tables, allowing players to sanitize their hands before and after handling cards or chips, thus minimizing the risk of spreading germs. Additionally, casinos employ dedicated cleaning staff who sanitize gaming equipment regularly to maintain a clean and safe playing environment. These proactive measures not only protect patrons but also instill confidence in the cleanliness standards of the casino.

Employee Training and Compliance

Ensuring the efficacy of hygiene protocols requires the active participation of casino staff. Employees undergo comprehensive training on proper hand hygiene practices, including the correct use of hand sanitizers. From dealers and servers to cleaning staff and security personnel, everyone is expected to adhere to these protocols diligently. Regular audits and inspections are conducted to ensure compliance with hygiene standards and identify areas for improvement. By fostering a culture of hygiene and accountability among staff, casinos demonstrate their commitment to prioritizing the health and safety of both employees and patrons.

Promoting Patron Awareness

In addition to providing hand sanitizers, casinos also prioritize patron education on the importance of hand hygiene. Signage and announcements throughout the establishment remind guests to sanitize their hands frequently and practice good hygiene etiquette. Casinos may also incorporate hygiene tips into their loyalty programs or promotional campaigns, incentivizing patrons to prioritize cleanliness while enjoying their gaming experience. By raising awareness and encouraging proactive hygiene practices, casinos empower patrons to take an active role in safeguarding their health and the health of those around them.

Innovative Solutions for Enhanced Hygiene

As technology continues to evolve, casinos are exploring innovative solutions to enhance their hygiene protocols. Touchless hand sanitizer dispensers, equipped with motion sensors or foot pedals, offer a hands-free alternative for patrons seeking to sanitize their hands quickly and efficiently. UV-C sanitizing devices are also being utilized to disinfect gaming equipment and high-touch surfaces, providing an additional layer of protection against harmful pathogens. By leveraging technology to complement traditional hygiene measures, casinos can further enhance their cleanliness standards and reassure patrons of their commitment to providing a safe and hygienic gaming environment.

Conclusion

In the ever-evolving landscape of the modern casino industry, maintaining impeccable hygiene protocols is essential to safeguarding the health and well-being of patrons and staff alike. Hand sanitizers play a crucial role in these protocols, offering a convenient and effective means of reducing the spread of germs in high-traffic areas and minimizing the risk of contamination from gaming equipment. By integrating hand sanitizers into their hygiene initiatives and promoting awareness among patrons, casinos demonstrate their unwavering commitment to creating a safe and enjoyable gaming environment for all. Through proactive measures, innovative solutions, and a steadfast dedication to hygiene excellence, casinos can continue to elevate their standards and set a precedent for cleanliness and safety in the gaming industry.

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The Gateway to Infections: Our Hands

Our hands are the unsung heroes and, ironically, potential villains in the battle against infections. From door handles to smartphones, we touch numerous surfaces teeming with bacteria and viruses. Without proper hand hygiene, our hands become carriers of these microorganisms, turning us into unwitting vehicles for the transmission of diseases.

The Power of Handwashing: A Foundation for Health

Handwashing stands as the cornerstone of effective hand hygiene. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) emphasizes that washing hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds is one of the most effective ways to remove germs and prevent illnesses. The mechanical action of rubbing hands together, coupled with the antimicrobial properties of soap, works to dislodge and eliminate pathogens.

Regular handwashing is particularly crucial before and after certain activities. This includes preparing or consuming food, caring for someone who is sick, and, notably, after using the restroom. By instilling this habit in our daily routines, we create a robust defense against infections that can disrupt our well-being.

The Role of Sanitizers: An Instant Line of Defense

While handwashing remains the gold standard, it’s not always feasible in every situation. This is where hand sanitizers step in as a valuable complement to traditional handwashing. Sanitizers, typically alcohol-based, provide a quick and efficient method to kill a broad spectrum of microorganisms on the hands.

The key active ingredient in most hand sanitizers is alcohol, often in the form of ethyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol. These compounds work by breaking down the outer membrane of bacteria and viruses, rendering them ineffective. The convenience of hand sanitizers makes them an ideal solution for scenarios where access to soap and water is limited.

Understanding the Correct Use of Hand Sanitizers

To harness the full benefits of hand sanitizers, it’s essential to understand the correct way to use them. Applying an adequate amount (usually a dime-sized portion) and rubbing it thoroughly across all surfaces of the hands, including the fingertips and between the fingers, ensures comprehensive coverage. The sanitizer should be allowed to air dry, which typically takes about 20 seconds.

It’s crucial to note that hand sanitizers are not a one-size-fits-all solution. They are most effective when hands are not visibly dirty or greasy. In situations where hands are soiled, using soap and water remains the preferred method.

The Link Between Hand Hygiene and Respiratory Infections

The significance of hand hygiene extends beyond gastrointestinal infections to encompass respiratory illnesses. In the context of the ongoing global health challenges, proper hand hygiene emerges as a frontline defense against respiratory viruses such as influenza and the common cold.

Respiratory infections often spread through respiratory droplets that land on surfaces. When we touch these contaminated surfaces and then touch our face—especially the eyes, nose, or mouth—we provide a direct route for the virus to enter our bodies. Regular hand hygiene disrupts this transmission pathway, reducing the risk of respiratory infections.

Cultivating a Culture of Hand Hygiene

Individual hand hygiene practices contribute to a collective defense against infections. Schools, workplaces, and public spaces play a crucial role in fostering a culture of hand hygiene. Accessible hand sanitizing stations, coupled with education on proper handwashing techniques, create an environment where everyone is empowered to take an active role in preventing the spread of infections.

Conclusion: Empowering Health Through Hand Hygiene

In the grand tapestry of public health, the thread of hand hygiene weaves a narrative of prevention and well-being. Understanding the significance of hand hygiene is not merely a matter of personal responsibility; it’s a communal effort to safeguard the health of ourselves and those around us.

As we navigate a world marked by various infectious threats, the role of sanitizers becomes increasingly vital. Together with handwashing, sanitizers offer a dynamic duo that fortifies our defenses against unseen adversaries. By embracing and promoting the importance of hand hygiene, we embark on a journey toward a healthier, safer, and more resilient society.

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By disinfection we mean the practice used in the medical, clinical and hygienic-environmental fields, which aims to destroy pathogenic microorganisms removed from sick people and healthy carriers and present in inanimate materials (so-called vehicles: water, air, food, consumer items, etc.). The purpose of disinfection is to prevent the survival and spread of microorganisms in the environment by reaching healthy susceptible individuals.

TYPES OF DISINFECTION

Disinfection is divided into continuous, episodic and periodic, terminal. Continuous disinfection is defined as a treatment that is systematically carried out at the patient’s bedside against secretions and excretions (urine, feces, sputum), as well as the consequences of use (utensils, linen, etc.), by which the agent eliminates the pathogen that maintains the current disease. Occasional and periodic disinfection is carried out in public areas (hospitals, schools, hotels, cinemas, etc.) and in vehicles (railroad cars, airplanes, ships, etc.) from time to time or even in connection with certain events (e.g. after an infectious disease such as pulmonary tuberculosis).

BACKGROUND

Disinfection remedied the tragedies caused by infections in the past: just think of the very serious epidemics caused by plague, cholera, yellow fever, etc. (see infectious, diseases). Even in the first half of the nineteenth century, wound suppuration made successful surgical interventions useless. The mortality rate in cases of amputation, for example, was 45%, and the percentage of women who died after childbirth due to postpartum infection was also very high (40%). In 1847, I. P. Zemmelweis, a Hungarian obstetrician operating in Vienna, after seeing his mothers die of postpartum sepsis because his assistants visited them after being in the operating room without continuing any hand disinfection practice, ordered all medical staff in his hospital’s ward to wash their hands thoroughly and then soak them in a solution of calcium chloride before each obstetrician visit or operation.

DISINFECTION MODE

Disinfection can be carried out naturally and artificially. a) Natural agents. Outside the host organism, i.e. in the external world, pathogenic microorganisms are necessarily exposed to the harmful effects of various physical, chemical and biological factors, which are generally considered to be natural agents of destruction and whose intervention is to “actively prevent indirect reproduction.” Some infectious diseases, such as syphilis, meningitis, rubella, measles, are maintained by labile pathogens and are sensitive to the effects of the external world. The main factors are sunlight, temperature, and dilution. Sunlight, whose beneficial effects on the human body are well known (just think of its importance in the fight against rickets in children), also has a significant bactericidal effect, which is expressed through desiccation, i.e. the loss of water from the bacterial protoplasm with a subsequent harmful effect on their viability.

Pathogenic microbes have an optimal temperature for development, which often coincides with the temperature of the host (approximately 37°C): sudden changes in temperature adversely affect their vital activity and prevent their reproduction. Dilution is a natural phenomenon of considerable interest that can significantly reduce the risk of pathogens spreading in the environment; it is related to the concept of the minimum infectious dose for an organism: the more dilution microorganisms undergo in air, water, etc., the less likely they are to affect the organism in sufficient quantities to cause the onset of disease. b) Artificial means. Artificial disinfection can be performed by mechanical, chemical and physical means.

The traditional mechanical method is the filtration of liquids, which, passing through porous porcelain or cellulose candles, are separated from the microorganisms present. Among the various applications are the filtration of injectable antibiotic solutions, home water filtration (Fig. 2), air filtration using fabric, paper, glass wool filters, etc. Chemical disinfectants are substances that, when used in a gaseous state or in solution, have the ability to stop the growth of bacteria (reversible effect) or completely inactivate microorganisms (irreversible effect). The effectiveness depends on various parameters such as concentration, exposure time, ambient temperature, pH, and the presence of substances that can inhibit the disinfectant or protect microorganisms (Tables 1, 2, 3 show the main chemical disinfectants, their requirements and characteristics of the most commonly used ones).In this regard, it should be noted that chemical disinfectants are very effective in the fight against infectious diseases.

The main types of disinfectants

The main types of disinfectants are:

Ethyl alcohol is a very common disinfectant due to its easy availability on the market and low cost. It is found in concentrations of 60 to 75% on the market. It is used both for disinfection of surfaces and instruments (except for those in the operating room) and for disinfection of skin without wounds (or intact or uninjured skin as indicated on the label), for example, before an injection. Alternatively, propyl alcohol can also be used.

Sodium hypochlorite, available on the market in concentrations ranging from 1.5 to 15%, has an effective disinfectant effect against bacteria, viruses, molds, and spores even at low concentrations. It is also commonly known as bleach or bleach (3-5%), euchlorine, amuchin (1.5%). In concentrations between 5 and 10%, it can cause skin and eye irritation (as indicated on the label), while in concentrations above 10% it should be considered a corrosive agent: therefore, it must be used with extreme caution. Hypochlorite releases chlorine in the presence of acid, which is a poisonous gas; in contact with ammonia, it produces chloramine, which causes irritation; in contact with hydrogen peroxide, it releases oxygen (non-toxic), which cancels its disinfectant effect. For these reasons, sodium hypochlorite should not be mixed with other products to avoid undesirable effects on the health of operators.

Hydrogen peroxide acts on bacteria, spores, viruses, and yeast by a mechanism similar to hypochlorite, but less effective. It is widely available on the market in dilute form in various concentrations (from 3 to 12%). In diluted form, it is mainly used for disinfecting small wounds at home, in professional environments and in cosmetics (also as a bleach and bleaching agent). It is easily biodegradable (decomposition is evident by the swelling of the container) and should be stored in a cool place; when the concentration is 35%, it should be stored at 4°C and used with care as it is corrosive.

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QUATs), which are colorless and odorless, are widely used to disinfect surfaces and the environment (e.g. in canteens and food preparation areas). They are available on the market in concentrations of 1.5-2.5%; when they are more concentrated, they should be diluted in water before use and handled with care, as they are irritating and in some cases even corrosive to the skin and eyes. They can kill bacteria, most viruses, but usually not spores.

Due to its high efficiency against bacteria, fungi, viruses and spores, ethylene oxide is primarily used to sterilize surgical instruments, operating rooms and containers for medicines and/or food: the destruction of microorganisms is complete. At room temperature, it is a gas, and because it is flammable and toxic, only experienced personnel should handle it.

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Gold, the ingredient of beauty

On the other hand, gold as a beauty ingredient is nothing new. Precious cosmetics were invented long before our era: the healing properties of gold were known in the heyday of Ancient Egypt. Even Egyptian queens covered their faces with gold dust to prolong their youth and beauty. In fact, according to legend, the ancient Egyptian queen Cleopatra had the skin of a girl because she used to “put on” a mask of pure gold before going to bed.

Gold in medicine

The precious mineral has also been used in traditional Chinese medicine as an anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anti-aging agent, and even to treat various diseases of the body and mind. It was believed that gold could store the sun’s energy. Even today, it is said that gold jewelry can alleviate the condition of people with diseases of the nervous system, heart and musculoskeletal system.

Some studies show that it is effective in relieving pain and swelling caused by arthritis, rheumatism, bursitis, and tendonitis. In the past, it has been used to quench alcohol cravings, digestive disorders, circulatory problems, depression, obesity, and burns.

Gold, silver and health

Of all the colloidal metals, colloidal silver has the longest history in medicine. In fact, it is a real medical device that, before establishing itself in the antibiotic market, was widely used as a natural disinfectant and antiseptic for almost any type of infection. It was used to disinfect and heal wounds, ulcers and skin burns, for gastrointestinal and female genital tract infections, and for the prevention of surgical instruments.

Cosmetics

Today, instead of ancient recipes, scientific developments are used: using electrolysis or magnetic fields, gold is “broken down” into nanoparticles that seem to be able to penetrate the skin and bring other active ingredients of cosmetics with them. Gold particles are often added to anti-aging creams or serums in the form of so-called colloidal gold, a suspension of precious submicron-sized particles.

Colloidal gold in cosmetics does not yet have a sufficient theoretical basis, there are many studies, but also many doubts, although, like all colloidal metals, colloidal gold is also absolutely non-toxic and has antiseptic and, above all, anti-inflammatory properties. It seems that colloidal gold in cosmetics has the ability to regenerate damaged skin, as well as bactericidal properties and the ability to be a kind of conductor for valuable trace elements, improve blood circulation, stimulate metabolic processes and skin respiration. In addition, gold promotes the elimination of toxins and cell renewal.

A large number of people use high-quality and trendy cosmetics because all people in the world strive to be beautiful and perfect. A new trend and new opportunities have come to their aid. To appreciate their beauty and perfection, they visit popular establishments, play gambling games, for example, Casino Rizk https://mojapamiatka.pl/rizk-casino/.

Pure beauty ingredients and what they are

In a world that is becoming more and more sensitive to environmental issues, the latest trend that embraces this philosophy of life, pure beauty, has developed in the cosmetics sector.

This is a “broad spectrum” concept that includes not only the search for natural and organic products, a theme that consumers are increasingly feeling, but also an eco-friendly lifestyle that is environmentally conscious and reduces waste.

In pure beauty, ingredients play a crucial role, as it is very important to follow this new concept of cosmetics, to free cosmetics from all impure ingredients such as SLES, mineral oils, artificial fragrances, synthetic dyes, allergens and all that is considered harmful to the beauty and well-being of the skin.

Thus, the choice of sustainable ingredients obtained through production processes that respect the environment is a crucial criterion for adopting a new cosmetic trend, a new trend in line with consumer needs and the sensitive issues of modern society. The focus is on sourcing local raw materials that favor local companies or fair trade actors, using plant-based, bio-fermented ingredients of natural or biotechnological origin and with processes that reduce emissions.

The market of pure beauty in cosmetology

The advantage is not only environmental, but also a fast-growing market with high profit potential for cosmetics companies.

The focus on finding recyclable yet highly effective cosmetic packaging, such as airless bottles, which reduce the potential for microbial contamination while also reducing the percentage of preservatives used, allows companies to benefit from more than just corporate image. 

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Before proceeding to this method’s main characteristics and advantages, it is necessary to define the terminology. So, Ultraviolet is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a characteristic wavelength of 10 nm to 400 nm. Thus, it is shorter than a wave of light visible to the human eye and longer than a wave of X-rays. Accordingly, UV disinfection means the usage of this radiation the eliminate various pathogens (bacteria, fungi, viruses) located on surfaces and in the air.

Key Aspects to Know about UVC Disinfection

To understand the main benefits and drawbacks of this disinfection method, it is crucial to get an insight into the key peculiarities of UV radiation. Below, you can learn more on this topic.

How does it work?

The mechanism of impact of this technology is based on a direct effect on the DNA of the pathogen. As a result, the germ either dies or cannot function normally, that decrease the potential threat to the human health conditions. In order to generate this type of radiation, several methods can be used:

• A mercury lamp (the first and oldest generation of such equipment).
• LEDs (second-generation devices).
• UV chips.

The last option is the most advanced and is under active study. Although the wavelength range, in this case, may vary, the most effective is 264 nm. This method’s main advantage is that it can be applied to disinfect surfaces and air.

At the same time, this method does not bring indirect harm to humans. It is achieved by a special design of devices that excludes the direct influence of radiation on a human skin. At the same time, it is important to observe the safety and operation rules – it is forbidden to direct the radiation source to the skin or eyes.

The next advantage of this method is the lack of resistance in the microorganism due to the physical impact. It plays a key role in the use of UV devices in hospitals where the risk of nosocomial infection is high. Chemical disinfection, in turn, cannot guarantee this.

Compared to chemicals, this approach is also more environmentally friendly. However, here it is worth mentioning that we are talking about LEDs and UV chips. As for the first generation of devices, they contain mercury.

Basic limitations for using this method

As is known, the ideal disinfection method has not yet been invented. When choosing, you need to take into account several factors, including the type of washing, its dimensions, surface characteristics, etc. For example, if you are processing a surface, then the radiation should cover the entire area without exception.

Otherwise, the effect of such processing will be small. If the room is large or has a complex geometry, it makes sense to use several devices simultaneously. This way, you will be sure that all surfaces are covered with radiation and that there are no areas in shadow.

Another factor that is often overlooked is the hydrodynamics of UV reactors. This indicator plays a key role in the exposure of the air that circulates through the device. For the required efficiency of the apparatus, it is necessary to carry out calculations to ensure the passage of the required volume of air through the reactor.

LED or UV chip: which is better?

As mentioned above, both devices are quite modern and can be used in almost any environment. However, there are fundamental differences that lied in the design features. The fact is that LED lamps are more powerful than the UV-chips. It is extremely important since they can cover a larger room area.

However, they also generate much more heat than chips. Thanks to this, you can use chips to disinfect the surface from a fairly close distance. It will not cause overheating of both the surface itself and the device.

Potential Use of UVC Disinfection in the Future

Undoubtedly there are many fields where this technology can be used both now and in the future. The most common disinfection methods are currently LED lamps and UV chips. In the future, it is planned to increase the power of the latter, while the design of the LED lamps will be upgraded in order to reduce the heating of the air around the equipment.

At the same time, there is a chance that only one option with a chip will remain predominant on the market. The main reason is that it is the most promising and technologically advanced. At the same time, there is no doubt about the future of old mercury lamps. Most likely, they will be completely abandoned due to the extremely unfavorable impact on the environment. Moreover, they are relatively short-lived and consume a lot of electricity. Now, you can find really tiny equipment: some devices do not exceed a few millimeters in size while consuming a minimum amount of energy.

As a result, you can charge them using simple batteries. In addition, they do not heat up the surrounding air and surfaces, are more stable from the mechanical point of view, and have a long working life (on-off cycles). When it comes to practice, they are confident winners as well. Now hospital workers can carry a small device in their pockets that run on batteries. If you need to disinfect, for example, your stethoscope, you can do it on the go and in a few minutes.

This technology will continue to evolve in the future, and we will see devices that can be placed literally anywhere. A rare increase in demand for this equipment on the market confirms this. A lot of companies invest significant amounts of funds and attract specialists to develop and improve these technologies and become leaders in the industry.

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In the past, the issue of personal hand hygiene included three points:

• Wash hands before meals.
• Wash your hands after going to the toilet.
• Wash hands when you get home.

Why do this is clear to everyone and requires no explanation. In 2020, everyone began to wash their hands, firstly, more often, and secondly, to supplement it with the treatment with a sanitizer.
And here the most important question of this article arises — what is a sanitizer and how does it differ from the antiseptic that we are used to.

Analysis of concepts: sanitizer, antiseptic?

As you can easily see, sanitizer is a word borrowed from English, like other words, such as “organizer”. Sanitizer in English means a hand sanitizer, usually an alcohol one. Professional translation of medical terms, names of substances, technical and medical documentation can be done at a translation agency https://translation.center/ukr-de.
As you can see, the sanitizer is almost the same as the antiseptic.
The fact is that in everyday use, sanitizers are used by ordinary people who are not related to medicine. To increase sales, manufacturers of sanitizers go to various improvements to their product – they add moisturizing, caring ingredients, flavorings and even food coloring to the composition. A sanitizer as a product for a buyer should be attractive: beautiful and convenient packaging, reasonable packaging, and special sales points and, of course, advertising. Most often, sanitizers are referred to as cosmetic products, which, although being antimicrobial and antiviral, cannot be used for disinfection in medical facilities.

What is the difference between an antiseptic and a sanitizer?

Currently, antiseptics are called antimicrobial, antiviral and antifungal drugs, usually alcohol, which are used for hand disinfection mainly in the medical field. This is the main difference – the scope of application. The fact is that medical antiseptics can be almost identical to the sanitizer in composition, but they are very different in terms of manufacturing and use.
These differences are largely due to product safety requirements. Manufacturers of antiseptics for medicine have special licenses and approvals for production; they purchase only proven raw materials. The very process of production of antiseptics for medicine is strictly regulated and controlled by the state institutions. The formulation of the product for hand treatment is developed by technologists and is scientifically substantiated. To guarantee the effectiveness of the antiseptic, clinical trials are mandatory with the issuance of a conclusion on behalf of certified scientific organizations. Manufacturers of sanitizers, usually classified as cosmetics, do not face as many difficulties. In theory, a sanitizer can be made identical to a medical antiseptic in terms of its properties, but it is not clear why.

Summing up, we can draw the following conclusions:
Sanitizer – usually products for the mass consumer, which to some extent can fight bacteria, viruses, fungi – separately or together. The effectiveness of such drugs is rarely confirmed by the conclusions of serious scientific institutions, but this, in fact, is not required.
Antiseptics – usually a product of specialized application, the production process and effectiveness of which are controlled by competent institutions.

What are the types of antiseptics and disinfectants?

Antiseptics and Disinfectants – These are chemicals that destroy or inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. The first are applied to the skin, and the second to the surface of various kinds of objects. Generally, disinfectants are highly toxic, which can harm living tissue. There are also universal preparations that are suitable for disinfecting hands, as well as furniture, equipment, and other things.
Antiseptics And Disinfectants: types, features
Keeping your hands clean means preventing the spread of various kinds of infections. There are several types of disinfection:

• Hygienic;
• Household;
• Surgical

Household means the use of water and soap, and for the rest they use special tools – antiseptics. They can be alcohol-based or alcohol-free with surfactants added. Release form: gels, liquids, sprays, wipes.

Among the popular antiseptics, it is worth highlighting the line of Estilodez. Universal remedy Estilodez concentrate, as well as the ones for skin application, on an alcohol basis. For example, Estilodez Antiseptic Lux provides high-quality hand protection against pathogenic bacteria and viruses dangerous to humans. Its antimicrobial action lasts for three hours or more. The high antimicrobial activity is due to the combination of two alcohols, the protection of the skin is provided by special softening components.
If it is impossible to use alcohol, you can use Estilodez Spray – an alcohol-free antiseptic, suitable for emergency disinfection of surfaces. If the requirements for use set out in the instructions are observed during processing, then it can be carried out in the presence of people.
For the manufacture of modern disinfectants, manufacturers use formulations that include several active ingredients.
If you are interested in more complete information about the composition of these substances and production technology, it would be useful to have a professional translation of technical documentation from various manufacturers in a translation agency https://translation.center/de-uebersetzungsbuero-hamburg. Due to the combination of active components, their spectrum of action on microbes is much wider than that of previously produced products. The addition of special components allows you to combine disinfection with washing, which is very convenient. And due to the inclusion of corrosion inhibitors and stabilizers, the surfaces of the tools are not damaged.

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The following features of antiseptics can be distinguished:

Active against a large spectrum of harmful microorganisms.
Ready disinfectant solutions have a long shelf life and can be used repeatedly.
They do not damage the treated surfaces and materials.

First of all, disinfectants are distinguished by the type of release: they can be produced as liquids, gels, impregnated cloths, etc. In daily medical practice, a dispenser antiseptic has a high practicality.

There are several types of antiseptics according to the active ingredient it contains.

The most popular is alcohol. Alcohol-containing means do not leave traces, due to their rapid evaporation, have a low cost. They are most commonly used for wiping the skin before injections, as well as for hand disinfection.
Chlorine-based sterilizing agents. Can be used in a variety of situations that require disinfection. However, discolour fabrics or corrode metal surfaces in certain concentrations.
Aldehydes. This antiseptic is used in the form of formaldehyde, has a wide range of action, helps to eliminate unpleasant odors.
Hydrogen peroxide. Low-toxic medical antiseptic, odorless, safe for the environment.
Combined sterilizing agents. This group of disinfectants contains several active substances and is used for a wide range of microorganisms.

In addition to those listed, there are other types of antiseptics, for example, phenolic – little used today due to increased toxicity; amine compounds – often used as a disinfectant for cleaning; guanidine-based antiseptics – used in the food industry.

Antibacterial agents for external use, in particular for treating hands, play an important role in the work of health care workers. The use of a dispenser makes their application convenient. Dispenser antiseptic must have hypoallergenic properties.

When performing injection operations, it is convenient to use alcohol-containing products in the form of injection swabs, they simplify the procedure for the medical staff, they are comfortable for the patient, do not cause skin reactions.

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Iodophores are complexes of elemental iodine J with non-ionic surfactants, such as nonylphenylethylene oxide, or iodine complexes with polymer – polyvinylpyrrolidone in aqueous solution. Iodophores are more often used as disinfectants than other iodine-containing compounds. Since the activity against microorganisms increases with decreasing pH value, iodophores are combined with phosphoric acid. The combination of iodophores with surfactants and acids gives them detergent properties. Such products have both detergent and disinfectant properties, they have better solubility in aqueous solutions than suspensions or aqueous solutions of iodine. They have no odor and no skin irritant effect.

The behavior of the surfactant-iodine complex can be explained by chemical equilibrium:

R + J2 RJ + HJ, R is a non-ionic surfactant

The amount of available free iodine determines the biological activity of the iodophore. Spore-forming bacteria are more resistant to the action of iodophores than vegetative ones, and the exposure times given in Table 4.1 are 10-1000 times longer than the exposure times required for a similar effect on vegetative cells. The activity of iodine-containing substances on vegetative cells is comparable to that of chlorine-containing disinfectants, but the effect of iodophores on spore-forming bacteria is weaker. Iodine containing disinfectants are more resistant to organic substances than chlorine containing ones. Iodophor are usually used in concentrations of 12.5 to 25 ppm. Iodophoros are more active against Tubercule bacillus and other viruses than other disinfectants. Iodine containing compounds show maximum activity in the pH range of 2.5 – 3.5. Iodophor in the form of concentrated and stabilized solutions have a long shelf life. In dilute solutions iodine tends to evaporate, this process is particularly active at temperatures above 50ºC.

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